Resilience and survivability in MANET: Discipline, issue and challenge

The wireless technology has become essential part in modern life, and thus the consequences of network disruption is becoming severe.It is widely known that wireless network is not sufficiently resilience, survive and dependable and significant research and development is necessary to improve the situation. This paper provide a survey of vast disciplines in MANET, a resilience strategy is also presented on how to defend, detect and countermeasures malicious node. Current issues and challenges to achieve resilience and survivability is also presented for future direction

Experimental research testbed for internet of things: A survey from security services perspectives

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Self-organising comprehensive handover strategy for multi-tier LTE-advanced heterogeneous networks

Long term evolution (LTE)-advanced was introduced as real fourth generation (4G) with its new features and additional functions, satisfying the growing demands of quality and network coverage for the network operators' subscribers. The term muti-tier has also been recently used with respect to the heterogeneity of the network by applying the various subnetwork cooperative systems and functionalities with self-organising capabilities. Using indoor short-range low-power cellular base stations, for example, femtocells, in cooperation with existing long-range macrocells are considered as the key technical challenge of this multi-tier configuration. Furthermore, shortage of network spectrum is a major concern for network operators which forces them to spend additional attentions to overcome the degradation in performance and quality of services in 4G HetNets. This study investigates handover between the different layers of a heterogeneous LTE-advanced system, as a critical attribute to plan the best way of interactive coordination within the network for the proposed HetNet. The proposed comprehensive handover algorithm takes multiple factors in both handover sensing and decision stages, based on signal power reception, resource availability and handover optimisation, as well as prioritisation among macro and femto stations, to obtain maximum signal quality while avoiding unnecessary handovers

Systematic literature review: Trend analysis on the design of lightweight block cipher

Lightweight block ciphers have become a standard for security protections on IoT devices. Advanced technology is required to secure the data, thus encryption is the method that can provide information security. From previous studies, comparisons of lightweight algorithms in various literature focus on their performance and implementation. However, a lack of analysis has been done on the relationship between the algorithm components and their security strength. This information is crucial for developers in designing secure algorithms. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review on 101 existing lightweight algorithms is presented. This review focuses on the security aspect of lightweight algorithms that cover the identification of secure design components based on substitution and permutation. Security analysis and the evolution of lightweight algorithms are also presented. This research includes the results and discussions to observe the selections of substitution and permutation functions to analyse their impact on the security strength. Recommendations from the developer’s insight on methods and considerations for designing an algorithm are also presented. Findings from the research indicate that various techniques can be used to develop a secure algorithm. Most importantly, an algorithm must be provided with confusion and diffusion properties in the design to ensure sufficient security

Systematic Review for Network Survivability Analysis in MANETS

AbstractNetwork survivability analysis in MANETs was hardly an issue in the early years of wireless technology because there were no critical network system that depended on wireless technology yet. Today, network survivability analysis is an essential aspect of reliable communication especially in MANETs. Although various methods have been proposed to measure network survivability analysis in MANETs, no related review has been published as to date for this topic. Thus, a comprehensive review of this body of work would be beneficial to researchers to have an overview of the current state of research trend in this area. This paper provides a systematic literature review (SLR) of the state of the art approach in network survivability analysis in MANETs. We used studies from a number of relevant article sources, and our results showed the existence of twenty six (26) articles. From this SLR we found that the existing of analysis method is focusing on individual node in which the node is treated as independent event. Furthermore, the analysis also reveals the less popular methods in analyzing network survivability are with statistical methods such as regression analysis and survival analysis. The implication of this study is to give a clear direction to future researchers in this area for a better and accurate analysis in measuring network survivability in MANETs

Optimization study on sewage sludge conditioning using Moringa Oleifera seeds

Disposal of sewage sludge is a main problem faced by local municipalities in Malaysia. Sludge conditioned with chemical polymer often termed as undesirable use for land application. However, using natural polymer will help to reduce the impact of this problem. In this study, optimization using Moringa oleifera seeds as a natural polymer in sewage sludge conditioning is highlighted. An earlier sludge conditioning using jar test apparatus was conducted using Moringa oleifera seeds in three different forms; dry powder, distilled water extracted and salt extracted (1 N NaCl). Results from the study indicate that Moringa oleifera in distilled water extracted form shows the most optimum reduction in Capillary Suction Time (CST) value. Optimization of three important factors namely mixing speed, mixing duration and Moringa oleifera dosage for distilled water extracted form was done using Design of Experiments (DOE). Optimum values for the selected factors were obtained using Box-Behnken design, Response Surface Design Method (RSM). There was a total of seven set of optimized solutions produced. The best solution generated showed lowest CST and Specifi c Resistance to Filtration (SRF) was obtained at 4.5 s and 1.22 × 1011 m/kg respectively. These values were obtained under the optimum conditions of mixing speed at 100 rpm, mixing duration of 1 min and Moringa oleifera dosage of 4695 mg/L. The desirability index for the optimized solution was 1.000